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Error in the Document Type Declaration

Validating the Document Type Declaration is based on the official W3C-Specifications.

Missing Document Type Declaration

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <html>
  2:   <head>
  3:     <title>missing Doctype declaration</title>
  4:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  5:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  6:   </head>
  7:   <body></body>
  8: </html>

A Document Type Declaration has to exist.

Syntax Error in Root-Element-name

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE #html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  2:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>Syntaxerror in Rootname</title>
  7:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  8:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body></body>
 11: </html>

The Syntax of the Rootelement name is wrong.
The W3C-Specification defines exactly the correct structure of it.

XML-Document with embedded Element Declaration

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE root [
  3:   <!ELEMENT foo EMPTY>
  4:   <!ELEMENT root (foo)>
  5: ]>
  6: <root>
  7: 	<foo/>
  8: </root>

Validome naturally is able to handle XML-documents with an embedded element declaration.

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
  3:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" [
  4: 	<!ENTITY v "Validome">
  5: ]>
  6: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  7:       xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  8: 	<head>
  9:     <title>no error</title>
 10: 	</head>
 11: 	<body>&v;</body>
 12: </html>
 13:

This XHTML 1.0 document was extended by an Entity. That also should be processed correctly.

System-ID missing (at SYSTEM)

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM>
  3: <root>
  4:   <foo/>
  5: </root>

System-ID (URL or path to DTD) is missing and an Error should be reported.

Keyword SYSTEM written in a wrong way

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE root SYSTEN "test.dtd">
  3: <root>
  4:   <foo/>
  5: </root>

The keyword "SYSTEM" is written incorrct, so an Error should be reported.

Keyword SYSTEM not completely written in uppercase

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE root SystEM "test.dtd">
  3: <root>
  4:   <foo/>
  5: </root>

The keyword "SYSTEM" must be written completely in uppercase.

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC>
  2: 
  3: <html>
  4:   <head>
  5:     <title>no public-ID</title>
  6:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  7:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  8:   </head>
  9:   <body></body>
 10: </html>

A missing PUBLIC-ID should be reported as an Error.

Syntax Error in Public-ID

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-?//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  2:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>Syntaxerror in Public-ID</title>
  7:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  8:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body></body>
 11: </html>

According to the Specification, some characters are not allowed in the Public-ID.

Keyword PUBLIC written in a wrong way

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIK "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  2:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>PUBLIC Syntaxerror</title>
  7:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  8:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body></body>
 11: </html>

An Error should be reported, because the keyword "PUBLIC" is written incorrect.

System-ID missing (at PUBLIC) in HTML-Document

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
  2: 
  3: <html>
  4:   <head>
  5:     <title>System-ID missing</title>
  6:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  7:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  8:   </head>
  9:   <body></body>
 10: </html>

System-ID (URL or path to DTD) is missing. That should be reported!

System-ID missing (at PUBLIC) in XHTML-Document

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN">
  3: 
  4: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  5:   <head>
  6:     <meta http-equiv="content-type"
  7:             content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
  8:     <title>Content-Type is application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml</title>
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body />
 11: </html>

For XML (PUBLIC), System-ID is mandatory.

Missing White Space between Public-ID and System-ID

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2:  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  3: 
  4:  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  5:    <head>
  6:      <title>no white Space between Public-ID and System-ID</title>
  7:    </head>
  8:    <body />
  9:  </html>

A White Space (blank, tabulator, return, ...) has to be between Public-ID and System-ID.

DOCTYPE at SYSTEM not completely written in uppercase

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2: <!Doctype root SYSTEM "http://www.validome.org/check/test.dtd">
  3: <root>
  4:   <foo/>
  5: </root>

DOCTYPE is not written in uppercase while keyword "SYSTEM" is set.

DOCTYPE in XHTML not completely written in uppercase

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
  2: <!Doctype html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  3:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  4:  
  5: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  6:       xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  7:   <head>
  8:     <title>DOCTYPE is not uppercase</title>
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body />
 11: </html>

In XHTML-documents DOCTYPE has to be written completely in uppercase.

PUBLIC in XHTML not completely written in uppercase

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE html Public "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  3:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  4:  
  5: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  6:       xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  7:   <head>
  8:     <title>PUBLIC is not uppercase</title>
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body />
 11: </html>

In XHTML-documents PUBLIC has to be written completely in uppercase.

Upper and lower case error in Public-ID

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//w3c//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  3:      "">
  4:  
  5: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  6:       xml:lang="de" lang="de">
  7:   <head>
  8:     <title>Public-ID case error</title>
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body />
 11: </html>

An Error according upper and lower case in Public-ID will be detected by Validome and a warning will be reported.

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE foo PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  2:   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>illegal Root Element</title>
  7:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  8:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body></body>
 11: </html>

If Public_ID is known, the Rootelement name is known too.
In case this name is wrong, an Error has to be reported.

Upper and lower case at HTML-Documents

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!doctype HTML public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  2:   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>doctype case in HTML</title>
  7:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
  8:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  9:   </head>
 10:   <body></body>
 11: </html>

In HTML-documents the keywords "DOCTYPE" and "PUBLIC" do not have to be written in uppercase.
The same applies to the Rootelement "HTML".

Document Type Declaration in commentary area

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!--
  2: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  3:      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  4: -->
  5: 
  6: <!doctype HTML public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  7:   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
  8: 
  9: <html>
 10:   <head>
 11:     <title>doctype comment out</title>
 12:     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
 13:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
 14:   </head>
 15:   <body></body>
 16: </html>

Document Type Declarations in commentary areas naturally should not be considered.

XHTML 1.0 without Public-ID, but with System-ID (URL to DTD)

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM
  2:     "http://www.validome.org/check/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
  3: 
  4: <html>
  5:   <head>
  6:     <title>user defined DTD1</title>
  7:   </head>
  8:   <body/>
  9: </html>

This is a valid XHTML 1.0-document, but without a Public-ID.
Because of the missing Public-ID, it's not possible to identify the document being XHTML.
According to this, the document has to be identified and processed as being XML.

Unallowed overwriting of parameter entities

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8

  1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
  3:     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"
  4: [
  5: <!ENTITY % pre.content "(p)">
  6: ]>
  7: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  8:   <head>
  9:     <title></title>
 10:   </head>
 11:   <body>
 12:     <pre><p>...</p></pre>
 13:   </body>
 14: </html>

It is not allowed to overwrite parameter entities in XHTML documents.

Document with user-defined DTD

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM "http://www.validome.org/check/dtd_4022.dtd">
  2: <html> 
  3:   <head> 
  4:     <title>user-DTD</title> 
  5:     <meta http-equiv="content-type" 
  6:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
  7:   </head> 
  8:   <body></body> 
  9: </html> 
 10:

This Document has a user-defined DTD; the document should validate without error messages / warnings.

Document with unknown Public-ID and user-defined DTD

HTTP-Header:

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

  1: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//VALIDOME//DTD Validome ist Toll//EN"
  2:     "http://www.validome.org/check/dtd_4022.dtd">
  3: <html> 
  4:   <head> 
  5:     <title>user-DTD</title> 
  6:     <meta http-equiv="content-type" 
  7:           content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
  8:   </head> 
  9:   <body></body> 
 10: </html>

This document contains within Doytype-Declaration an unknown Public-ID and a System-ID in an user-defined DTD. For this reason, document should be processed as XML; as the content type header is "text/html", document will be processed in SGML-Mode.

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